The Flexible Bus Systems Using Zigbee as a Communication Medium

This paper describes a research on The Flexible Bus Systems (FBS) using Zigbee as a communication medium. The Flexible Bus System is a demand responsive transit (DRT) but it is more efficient and convenient in a sense that it entertains passenger’s demands and gives bus locations in real time. The real time synchronization of The Flexible Bus System makes it information rich and unique as compared to other DRTs. The Flexible Bus Systems is a system that can replace the Traditional Bus Systems with its flexibility and efficiency. This paper discusses the use of wireless technologies in The Flexible Bus Systems and how to make

Assurance of Energy Efficiency and Data Security for ECG Transmission in BASNs

With the technological advancement in body area sensor networks (BASNs), low cost high quality electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis systems have become important equipment for healthcare service providers. However, energy consumption and data security with ECG systems in BASNs are still two major challenges to tackle. In this study, we investigate the properties of compressed ECG data for energy saving as an effort to devise a selective encryptionmechanism and a two-rate unequal error protection (UEP) scheme. The proposed selective encryption mechanism provides a simple and yet effective security solution for an ECG sensor-based communication platform, where only one percent of data is encrypted without compromising ECG data security. This part of the encrypted data is essential to ECG data quality due to its unequally important contribution to distortion reduction. The two-rate UEP scheme achieves a significant additional energy saving due to its unequal investment of communication energy to the outcomes of the selective encryption, and thus, it maintains a high ECG data transmission quality. Our results show the improvements in communication energy saving of about 40%, and demonstrate a higher transmission quality and security measured in terms of wavelet-based weighted percent root-mean-squared difference.

Intelligent Online Measurement and Management of Energy Meter Data Through Advanced Wireless Network

Recently the Electrical supply companies are trying to adopt the electronic measurement of energy consumption data because of reduced manufacturing cost, improved measurement accuracy, increased timely information, miniature size and many other benefits that go well beyond the traditional rotor-plate energy meter type. In this paper with the help of an energy chip, an improved energy metering solution is developed, where automating the progression of measurement through digital wireless communication technique is adopted to get the above benefits alongwith smooth control. The developed energy meter calculates the total average active power mainly for residential consumers. The hardware circuit accepts single phase voltage and currents as its inputs and provides the output in the form of logic data proportional to the average real power. This data is fed to a remote computer server through the wireless ZigBee network that represents the concept of distant wireless metering, practically involving no manpower. This paper also presents a software solution developed for total electrical energy billing and data management system.

Automatic locked control system of vehicle drunken driving based on PIC16F877A

Aiming at causing frequency traffic accidents by the drunken driving, the paper puts forward an automatic locked control system of vehicle drunken driving as a smart solution to prevent the phenomenon. And designs a automatic locked control system based on PIC16F877A . The system hardware modules and software system are elaborated in detailed. At last through the experiment, it verifies that the automatic control system has reached requirement.

Design of Vehicle positioning System Based on ARM

This paper discussed a kind of design of vehicle location system based on ARM. The architecture and working theory of this system is introduced in details, and introduces the vehicle location system which uses the ARM microprocessor LPC2129 as a control unit to combinative with GPS LR9548 and GSM TC35 modules. Explores location solution, map􀃼matching and data compress that associated with the positioning, shows a program flowchart and predicts the trend of the vehicle location system in the future.

Design of Auto-guard System Based on RFID and Network

To reduce the theft rate of the car and meet the intellectualized auto-guard demand of people,we proposed an auto-guard system which combined the radio frequency identify technology and the global mobile communication network.The system took Texas Instruments Company's car-used microcontroller STM8AF51AA as the control core.NXP Semiconductors Company's radio reader IC MF RC522 could identify the car owner quickly and then realized the function of keyless entry and keyless start-up.At the same time.The infrared sensors and vibration sensors completed the monitoring function.GSM module SIM300DZ of Simcom company finished setting and dismissing the prevention of message or call and controlled the car’s states remotely through AT instructions.It has showed in practice that compared with the traditional autoguard system,this system could not only identify the owner singly,but also improve the security and reliability.So it has achieved the unity between intellectualized safeguard and remote control.

Design and Implementation of a Home Embedded Surveillance System with Ultra-Low Alert Power

In this paper we design and implement a home embedded surveillance system with ultra-low alert power. Traditional surveillance systems suffer from an unnecessary waste of power and the shortcomings of memory conditions in the absence of invasion. In this design we use Pyroelectric Infrared sensors (PIR) and pressure sensors as the alert group in windows and doors where an intruder must pass through. These low-power alert sensors wake up the MCU (Micro Controller Unit) which has power management for the ultrasonic sensors and PIR sensors indoors. This state transition method saves a large number of sensors required for the alert power. We also use the Majority Voting Mechanism (MVM) to manage the sensor groups to enhance the probability of multiple sensors sensing. After the MCU sends the sensor signals to the embedded system, the program starts the Web camera. Our sensing experiment shows that we reduce the system’s power consumption

PIC18LF4620 Based Customizable Wireless Sensor Node to Detect Hazardous Gas Pipeline Leakage

The paper describes the performance and functional characteristics of PIC18LF4620 based wireless sensor node in monitoring the parameters such as CO2, Oxygen, temperature, humidity and light around the pipeline structure. The system is deployed to monitor any deviations in these parameters with the standard atmospheric values eventually alert the user even to a remote location. The proposed system is a battery operated wireless sensor node which is interfaced with the external sensors to measure the parameters listed above. The distance range between sensor node and coordinator node is also tested. The signal conditioning module associated with detailed calibration procedure for the individual sensor is also described. Zigbee protocol stack is implemented to enable wireless transmission and performance of the same is evaluated.

Real-Time Monitoring of Railway Traffic Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

In this work, we present field tests concerning the application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the monitoring of railway traffic. The test campaigns are performed on the Spanish high-speed line Madrid–Barcelona, with different types of trains (S-102 TALGO-BOMBARDIER, S-103 SIEMENS-VELARO, and S-120 CAF). We located the FBG sensors in the rail track at 70 km from Madrid in the country side, where the trains primarily are tested during commercial operation with maximum speeds between 250–300 km/h. The FBG sensor interrogation system used allows the simultaneous monitoring of four FBG sensors at 8000 samples/s. The different position of the FBG sensors in relation with the rail can be used for different purposes such as train identification, axle counting, speed and acceleration detection, wheel imperfections monitoring, and dynamic load calculation.

A Maximum Power Point Tracker for Long-Term Logging of PV Module Performance

We present a monitoring system for the field test of photovoltaic modules. The system is designed for the monitoring of individual modules under maximum power point (MPP) conditions that allow the extraction of the energy yield of different modules under optimum conditions. It can also be used to monitor the performance and long-term stability of modules under realistic field conditions. The monitoring system consists of an individual MPP tracker attached to each module under test. The measurement data are transmitted to a central multichannel data logger by means of analog voltages proportional to the current at MPP, i.e., Imp, and voltage at MPP, i.e., Vmp, of the modules.

Study on a Multi-Ions Sensing System for Monitoring of Blood Electrolytes With Wireless Home-Care System

This study developed a multi-ions sensing system that includes pH, potassium, sodium, and chloride ion sensors with a wireless home-care system. The pH sensor was based on a tin oxide (SnO􀀀)/indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, and the potassium, sodium, and chloride ion sensors were based on the pH sensor with sensing membrane. The tin oxide (SnO􀀀) sensing membrane was deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using a sputtering system. The sensing membranes of the ion sensors were prepared by mixing poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), ionophores, and additives. According to the experimental results, sensitivities of the sensors all were over the value 51 mV/decade. The linear range of pH sensor was between pH2 and pH12, the linear ranges of potassium, sodium, and chloride sensors all were over from 1 mM to 1 M. Therefore, the multi-ions sensing system is suitable for monitoring of blood electrolytes. The correlations of the multi-ion sensors under different test solutions also were discussed. Moreover, this study also investigated sensors module, portable module, Bluetooth module, personal computer (PC) terminal, and portable unit of the wireless home-care system. A graphical measurement interface for data recorded and measurement results displayed was designed by National Instrument Lab-VIEW software. According to the experimental results, the measurement data by the wireless home-care system are near the real values. The wireless home-care system could successfully monitor and transmitted the sensing signals.

Sensors-Based Wearable Systems for Monitoring of Human Movement and Falls

The rapid aging of the world’s population, along with an increase in the prevalence of chronic illnesses and obesity, requires adaption and modification of current healthcare models. One such approach involves telehealth applications, many of which are based on sensor technologies for unobtrusive monitoring. Recent technological advances, in particular, involving microelectromechnical systems, have resulted in miniaturized wearable devices that can be used for a range of applications. One of the leading areas for utilization of body-fixed sensors is the monitoring of human movement. An overview of common ambulatory sensors is presented, followed by a summary of the developments in this field, with an emphasis on the clinical applications of falls detection, falls risk assessment, and energy expenditure. The importance of these applications is considerable in light of the global demographic trends and the resultant rise in the occurrence of injurious falls and the decrease of physical activity. The potential of using such monitors in an unsupervised manner for community-dwelling individuals is immense, but entails an array of challenges with regards to design considerations, implementation protocols, and signal analysis processes. Some limitations of the research to date and suggestions for future research are also discussed.  

Robotics for Environmental Monitoring

Robotic systems are increasingly being utilized as fundamental data-gathering tools by scientists, allowing new perspectives and a greater understanding of the planet and its environmental processes. Today’s robots are already exploring our deep oceans, tracking harmful algal blooms and pollution spread, monitoring climate variables, and even studying remote volcanoes. This article collates and discusses the significant advancements and applications of marine, terrestrial, and airborne robotic systems developed for environmental monitoring during the last two decades. Emerging research trends for achieving large-scale environmental monitoring are also reviewed, including cooperative robotic teams, robot and wireless sensor network (WSN) interaction, adaptive sampling and model-aided path planning. These trends offer efficient and precise measurement of environmental processes at unprecedented scales that will push the frontiers of robotic and natural sciences. The need for large-scale persistent environmental monitoring has become particularly relevant in recent times after a set of serious natural disasters and environmentally harmful accidents. These include earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, large forest fires, volcanic eruptions, oil spills, and nuclear meltdowns

However, understanding and quantifying environmental health, processes, responses to stressors, and trajectories require large amounts of accurate spatial and temporally disperse data. For example, meteorologists need to monitor a set of physical variables such as temperatures, airflow, and air pressure, to study the weather and to forecast its behavior. Environmental scientists study the transport and dispersion of air or water pollution. The monitoring of both physical and chemical quantities, such as airflow, and polluting gases such as CO2, CO, CO2, or NOx, for example, is important to model and track the involved phenomena. Ecologists study the systems that may involve the monitoring of the previous physical and chemical quantities along with the detection, classification, and tracking of living organisms in their environments.

To meet these data requirements, at a global scale, remote-sensing satellites are typically utilized, while at the regional scale, fixed monitoring stations are mainly employed. At the local scale, manual and automated sampling is typically conducted. This can be an extremely difficult task and often limits data collection, particularly, during significant events such as hurricanes and floods. Furthermore, local scale sampling is often costly and difficult to maintain persistent sampling. However, over the past few decades, sensor networks have emerged as a new tool to collect spatially dense information in real time from natural environments. Although there is a progress compared with past methodologies, traditional sensor networks only provide fixedmonitoring points without themeans to adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. To increase data collection efficiencies, particularly in hostile environments, earth and life scientists see robotics as a promising tool with the capacity to improve their current means to observe and collect data about natural processes or phenomena at vast spatial and temporal scales. Oceanographers were among the first earth scientists who started using underwater robots to study the deep ocean and seafloor [1]. Geologists have also explored the use of robots to study extreme phenomena such as vulcanology [2], while some meteorologists have began using robotic aircraft in the study ofmicroclimates and hurricane observation [3]. Robotics science has made huge progresses since the arrival of the first commercial robots on the factory floor more than 50 years ago. Principally, robots have received new and better sensors, along with algorithms that provide the means to perceive their operating environment and plan missions autonomously while reacting to various uncertainties. Nowadays, robots can be seen operating in natural or in man-made, highly unstructured environments, such as deep oceans [4], active volcanoes [5] (Figures 1 and 2), or damaged nuclear power plants [6]. Although a large range of fundamental problems still need to be solved, operating in such hostile and challenging environments has established a new frontier for robotics as well as environmental sciences.

Real-Time Monitoring of Railway Traffic Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

In this work, we present field tests concerning the application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the monitoring of railway traffic. The test campaigns are performed on the Spanish high-speed line Madrid–Barcelona, with different types of trains (S-102 TALGO-BOMBARDIER, S-103 SIEMENS-VELARO, and S-120 CAF). We located the FBG sensors in the rail track at 70 km from Madrid in the country side, where the trains primarily are tested during commercial operation with maximum speeds between 250–300 km/h. The FBG sensor interrogation system used allows the simultaneous monitoring of four FBG sensors at 8000 samples/s. The different position of the FBG sensors in relation with the rail can be used for different purposes such as train identification, axle counting, speed and acceleration detection, wheel imperfections monitoring, and dynamic load calculation.

No-Load Power Reduction Technique for AC/DC Adapters

The burst-mode control is generally used to regulate the output voltage of the ac/dc adapter under either lightor no-load condition. Although the burst-mode control reduces the switching loss, the control-IC and the feedback circuit at the output side still consume a large amount of power. In order to further reduce the power consumption at no-load condition, a no-load power reduction technique for ac/dc adapters is proposed in this paper. At first, the proposed technique employs a control-IC ON/OFF scheme to reduce the power consumption of the control-IC while the gate signal of primary power switch is idle. In addition, an output voltage drop scheme is adopted to cut down on the loss of the feedback circuit because the output voltage of the ac/dc adapter is not required to be regulated when the ac/dc adapter is disconnected from the load system. Thus, the proposed technique can greatly reduce the no-load power consumption below 30mW. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, loss analysis and experimental results of 65W/17.5V ac/dc adapter are presented.

Map-Aided Integrity Monitoring of a Land Vehicle Navigation System

The concept of user-level integrity monitoring has been successfully applied to air transport navigation systems, where the main focus is on the errors associated with the Global Positioning System (GPS)-data-processing chain. Little research effort has been devoted to the study of integrity monitoring for the case of land vehicle navigation systems. The primary difference is that it is also necessary to consider errors associated with a spatial map and a map-matching (MM) process when monitoring the integrity of a land vehicle navigation system. This is because these two components play a vital role in land vehicle navigation. To date, research has focused on either the integrity of raw positioning data obtained from GPS or the integrity of the MM process and digital map errors. In this paper, these sources of error are simultaneously considered. Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is to report the development of a user-level integrity-monitoring system that concurrently takes into account all the potential error sources associated with a navigation system and considers the operational environment to further improve performance. Errors associated with a spatial road map are given special attention. Two knowledge-based fuzzy inference systems were developed to measure the integrity scale. The performance of the integrity method was assessed using field data collected in Nottingham and London, U.K. The results indicate that the integrity method provides valid warnings 98.2% and 99.4% of the time for positioning data in a mixed operational environment in Nottingham and suburban areas of London, respectively.

Evaluation of ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) Time-of-Flight-Based Distance Measurement for Application in Emergency Underground Navigation

Low-cost ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) modules were evaluated as an underground radio frequency (RF) positioning technology. The work, which was carried out in two tunnels considered representative of the variety of mining conditions, forms part of a study of location technologies for use in a navigation device in mines and tunnels following an emergency incident. Accurate positioning within tunnels was successfully demonstrated over a significant operating range using time-of-flight measurements on multiple channels and combining the results using a filtered averaging algorithm. It was further shown that the technology would continue to provide accurate positioning information in the presence of RFinterference from the types of microwave networks commonly used in mines and in the presence of metallic obstructions such as machinery or vehicles that are frequently encountered.

Embedded System Integrated Into a Wireless Sensor Network for Online Dynamic Torque and Efficiency Monitoring in Induction Motors

The system proposed in this paper aims at monitoring the torque and efficiency in induction motors in real time by employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs). An embedded system is employed for acquiring electrical signals from the motor in a noninvasive manner, and then performing local processing for torque and efficiency estimation. The values calculated by the embedded system are transmitted to a monitoring unit through an IEEE 802.15.4-based WSN. At the base unit, various motors can be monitored in real time. An experimental study was conducted for observing the relationship between theWSN performance and the spectral occupancy at the operating environment. This study demonstrated that the use of intelligent nodes,with local processing capability, is essential for this type of application. The embedded system was deployed on a workbench, and studies were conducted to analyze torque and system efficiency.

Digitally Implemented Average Current-Mode Control in Discontinuous Conduction Mode PFC Rectifier

This paper proposes a digital average current-mode control method in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) power factor correction rectifier. The proposed control technique does not estimate, but directly senses the average value of the inductor current in each switching cycle. It is implemented by means of a conventional current sensing circuit and a microcontroller. The calculation burden of the microcontroller is the same with that of conventional two-loop-controlled converter because the additional calculation process is not required. The control method achieves lower total harmonic distortion and higher power factor than the conventional technique. Experimental results with a 200-W prototype verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed control method.  

Dew-Based Wireless Mini Module for Respiratory Rate Monitoring

Miniaturized humidity sensors combined with ZigBee transceiver and efficient data processing offer a powerful system for the monitoring of human breath. Every 10 ms, the expiration/ inspiration phase is transmitted, allowing a medical diagnosis as efficient as required by the application. For the sensing system, a micro interdigitated capacitor, covered with a dense hydrophilic alumina layer, is connected to a capacitance-to-frequency circuit interface. A customized nasal canula-prototype embeds the microsystem underneath the patient’s nostrils while offering cabling until the belt-fixed radio transceiver. The fast data processing, executed in a mini notebook process unit, gives to the medical staff a live broadcast of the patient’s respiratory rate. In order to improve the size and the functionality of our sensing module, novel techniques for processing complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology now allow for the construction of microsensors and CMOS circuits together on the same chip. These sensors consume extremely low power, of the order of 0.1 􀀀, present high sensitivity, occupy small chip area (1.25 __􀀀) and offer the prerequisite platform for a large variety of new sensors.

Average Inductor Current Sensor for Digitally Controlled Switched-Mode Power Supplies

Current-mode control in digitally controlled switched-mode power supplies typically requires analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of at least two signals, voltage, and current. The complexity of voltage A/D converters can be reduced using window A/D techniques. In conventional current A/D conversion, however, relatively high resolution is required over a wide range of signals, which results in increased complexity, power consumption, and cost of the controller. This paper proposes a very simple feedback sensor capable of high-resolution average inductor current sensing using two analog comparators and an analog low-pass filter. The approach requires very few external components and employs minimal digital hardware resources. A dynamic model and performance of the average inductor current sensor are experimentally verified on a 12-V input, 19-V output, 50-W boost converter prototype. The applicability of the proposed sensor is demonstrated in a digitally controlled 400-W, 400-V output Boost power factor preregulator.

Automatic Monitoring System of Battery Stack for Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is a promising way to reduce petroleum consumption as well as reduce environment pollution. The energy supply strategy is crucial to promote the application of battery EVs. Recently, the key restrict of EVs’ promotion and development has been lacking of charging and exchanging station for EVs with rapid development on EVs. This paper expounds the design and realization of automatic monitoring system (AMS) for charging and exchanging station for EVs which is based on CAN communication. The AMS adequately the system requirements of battery charging and exchanging, therefore, the prime design goals of AMS compose of two aspects: 1) voltage monitoring for battery stack while exchanging; 2) current monitoring for battery stack while charging. As a result, it is potentially very attractive for EVs’ promotion, as it can lead to an efficient and low cost implementation. The results of this paper are of great importance to improve the energy supply system and guide the upcoming rigorous construction of energy supply facilities for EVs. We believe the proposed AMS will be used widely with the rapid development of EVs.

AN INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING RFID

Vehicular traffic control at road crossings has always been a matter of concern for administrations in many modern cities around the world. Several attempts have been made to design efficient automated systems to solve this problem. Most of the present day systems use predetermined timing circuits to operate traffic signals, which are not very efficient because they do not operate according to the current volume of traffic at the crossing. It is often seen in today’s automated traffic control systems that vehicles have to wait at a road crossing even though there is little or no traffic in the other direction. There are other problems as well, such as ambulances getting caught up by a red traffic signal and wasting valuable time. Congestion is often translated into lost time, missed opportunities, lost worker productivity, delivery delay, and a general increased cost.

An Intelligent Lighting System for Exhibition Applications

This paper presents the design and the implementation of a lighting system which is able to detect the approach of the visitors and then turn the lighting onto the normal intensity to let the exhibition be bright enough. All lightings are equipped with the energy-saving function which will turn itself to the dimming level automatically after the visitors’ leaving. PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors are utilized in the system instead of a video camera for the purposes of both cost-down and privacy issue. The lightings are also designed to have network interface to let them be able to be connected together to form an intelligent lighting system which can not only collect the exhibition information but also help the administrators to secure the exposition.

An Intelligent Blind Rod and Navigation Platform Based on ZigBee Technology

This article introduces an intelligent blind rod and navigation platform based on ZigBee technology. This blind rod can detect and analyze the situation on road and warn the blind to avoid obstacles by ultrasonic measurement. The navigation platform based on ZigBee technology can help the blind know different directions the path leads to. This intelligent blind rod can better serve for the blind’s independent travel.

Adding New Functions to the Remote Airfield Lighting System

There are many remote airfields that are not connected to the power grid. Providing adequate lighting to these airfields is necessary and challenging. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has sponsored a research project, Remote Airfield Lighting Systems (RALS), through the Center for General Aviation Research (CGAR). The findings from the RALS research specified a light that had low power needs and a color/intensity to meet the requirements for airfield identification and landing. To make these lights more appropriate to wide spread applications, the research team is conducting an exemplary operational test. In this paper, we discuss the new functions added to these lights for the operational test, including both automatically/remotely switching on/off the lights and smart charging of the batteries using solar panels under the control of a microcontroller. In addition, we consider future new functions such as low cost pilot controlled lighting as well as wireless networking for health monitoring and controlling of the lighting system. These new functions can greatly improve the convenience of the usage of RALS while keeping the same low cost.

Abrupt Event Monitoring for Water Environment System Based on KPCA and SVM

The abrupt event monitoring is a challenging and critical issue in water environment systems. There are two main different abrupt events in the monitoring system, namely, the emergency water pollution accident and the abrupt sensor fault. The two different abrupt events have similar data characteristics, and few methods can be used to recognize the events. In this paper, a novel abrupt event monitoring approach based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and support vector machines is proposed, which is combined with the physical redundancy method. The trust mechanism is introduced into the proposed approach to reduce the interference of external noise and improve the performance of quick response for the abrupt events. A spare data area is set up to store the data for the KPCA modeling. The data in the spare data area are updated continuously, and the KPCA model is updated subsequently to improve the adaptivity of the KPCA model for the abrupt event monitoring. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable of detecting and recognizing the two different abrupt events efficiently.

A Multiple Inductive Loop Vehicle Detection System for Heterogeneous and Lane-Less Traffic

This paper presents a novel inductive loop sensor that can detect vehicles under a heterogeneous and less-lanedisciplined traffic and thus can be used to support a traffic control management system in optimizing the best use of existing roads. The loop sensor proposed in this paper detects large (e.g., bus) as well as small (e.g., bicycle) vehicles occupying any available space in the roadway, which is the main requirement for sensing heterogeneous and lane-less traffic. To accomplish the sensing of large as well as small vehicles, a multiple loop system with a new inductive loop sensor structure is proposed. The proposed sensor structure not only senses and segregates the vehicle type as bicycle,motor cycle, scooter, car, and bus but also enables accurate counting of the number of vehicles even in a mixed traffic flow condition. A prototype of the multiple loop sensing system has been developed and tested. Field tests indicate that the prototype successfully detected all types of vehicles and counted, correctly, the number of each type of vehicles. Thus, the suitability of the proposed sensor system for any type of traffic has been established.

A Zigbee-Based Wearable Physiological Parameters Monitoring System

The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this paper. The system can be used to monitor physiological parameters, such as temperature and heart rate, of a human subject. The system consists of an electronic device which is worn on the wrist and finger, by an at-risk person. Using several sensors to measure different vital signs, the person is wirelessly monitored within his own home. An impact sensor has been used to detect falls. The device detects if a person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors. The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness. A prototype of the device has been fabricated and extensively tested with very good results.

A Novel Three phase Energy Meter Model with Wireless data reading and online Billing solution

Measurement of data electronically leads a combination of benefits that go well beyond the traditional rotorplate energy meter design. In this paper with the help of an energy chip, an improved novel three phase energy metering solution is developed. Automating the progression of measurement through digital wireless communication technique is done to get high accuracy, smooth control and better reliability. The developed energy meter calculates the total average active power mainly for industrial and commercial applications. The hardware circuit accepts three phase voltages and currents as its inputs and provides the output in the form of serial interfaced data equivalent to the average real power. This serial data is fed to a remote personal computer through the wireless ZigBee network that represents the concept of distant wireless metering, practically involving no manpower. The paper also presents a software solution developed for total electrical energy billing and data management system.

A Microcontroller-Based Multi-Function Solar Tracking System

Renewable energy solutions are becoming increasingly popular. Photovoltaic (solar) systems are but one example. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency. In order to maximize power output from solar panels, one needs to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is required. This is definitely a more cost effective solution than purchasing additional solar panels. It has been estimated that the yield from solar panels can be increased by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a tracking system instead of a stationary array. In this paper, a prototype for a microcontroller-based multi-function solar tracking system is described, which will keep the solar panels aligned with the sun in order to maximize efficiency. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) data can be transmitted in real time to other solar systems in need of this data.

A Fast and Easy-to-Use ECG Acquisition and Heart Rate Monitoring System Using a Wireless Steering Wheel

This work presents a novel easy-to-use system intended for the fast and noninvasive monitoring of the Lead I electrocardiogram (ECG) signal by using a wireless steering wheel. The system uses a dual ground electrode configuration connected to a low-power analog front-end to reduce 50/60 Hz interference and it is able to show a stable ECG signal with good enough quality for monitoring purposes in less than 5 s. A novel heart rate detection algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform has been implemented, which is specially designed to be robust against the most common sources of noise and interference present when acquiring the ECG in the hands, i.e., electromyographic (EMG) noise and baseline wandering. The algorithm shows acceptable performance even under non-ordinary high levels of EMG noise and yields a positive predictivity value of 100.00% and a sensitivity of 99.75% when tested in normal use with subjects of different age, gender, and physical condition.

A Compact Remote Monitoring System for a Three-Phase 10-kVA Energy-Efficient Switchable Distribution Transformer

Remote monitoring has been implemented in many areas. This paper introduces its specific application to a three phase 10-kVA energy-efficient switchable distribution transformer. A designed embedded system and embedded Ethernet have been implemented to achieve a compact remote condition monitoring for the transformer. The embedded system performs acquisition of voltages, currents, and temperatures, controls the switching devices that connect the tappings of the transformer, and processes acquired data. Client and server applications were developed through the use of embedded Ethernet to enable remote monitoring through a local area network (LAN). Some protocols were developed as parts of software development of the whole system. Experimentation was done by applying the remote monitoring system to the transformer connected to three-phase variable supply voltage and load. Results of the experimentation by using a LAN available in the school revealed that the system can handle remote monitoring and control tasks for the transformer.

Design of Intelligent Mobile Vehicle Checking System Based on ARM7

With ARM7 as the core, the new intelligent mobile vehicle checking system integrated a lot of hardware modules such as video capture, GPS posi-tioning and wireless transmission, the design of the system software used the embedded software developing platform based on ADS integrated development environ-ment. By the hardware/software co-design, the new intelligent mobile vehicle checking system implemented the functions of video capturing, intelligent plate distinguishing, GPS positioning and wireless transmit-ssion, met the traffic auditing department’s needs about Mobile Vehicle Checking.